Fences are fully exposed to the weather, and have at least some parts in contact with soil. Care must be exercised in selecting and applying a finish to obtain a reasonable service life.

Many fences are left to weather naturally. However, if a finish is desired, semi-transparent penetrating stains or water-repellent sealers/preservatives that contain a mildewcide (or otherwise are resistant to mildew) are preferred. These finishes are absorbed into the wood without forming a film; they do not crack or peel. Stains come in a variety of colors and show the wood grain.

If paint is to be used, liberally brush the surface plus all ends and joints with a paintable water-repellent/sealer preservative and allow the surface to dry for at least two warm, sunny days before painting. Apply one coat of a good-quality stain-blocking acrylic latex primer, followed by two topcoats of a good-quality acrylic latex exterior house paint.

When repainting, scrape all loose paint from the wood, then use a stiff bristle brush to remove any remaining loose paint and dirt. Next, brush on a paintable water-repellent sealer/preservative. Apply it liberally to exposed ends of boards or pickets and to all joints. Let the treated wood dry, then apply acrylic latex paint.

Varnish finishes and solid-color stains are not recommended for fences because they will not withstand sun and rain and will require frequent refinishing.

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